Jump to content

Universiti Brunei Darussalam

Coordinates: 4°58′35″N 114°53′42″E / 4.97646°N 114.895°E / 4.97646; 114.895
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

University of Brunei Darussalam
Universiti Brunei Darussalam (Malay)
يونيبرسيتي بروني دارالسلام (Jawi)
UBD Emblem
Crest of Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Latin: Universitas Bruneiensis[a]
Motto
Ke Arah Kesempurnaan Insan (Malay)
Motto in English
Towards Human Perfection
TypePublic national research university
Established28 October 1985 (1985-10-28)
FounderSultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Accreditation
Academic affiliation
ChairpersonRomaizah Mohd Salleh
ChancellorSultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Vice-ChancellorHazri Kifle
Pro-ChancellorCrown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah
Students4,368 (2018)
Undergraduates84% (2015)
Postgraduates16% (2015)
Address,
BE1410
,
4°58′35″N 114°53′42″E / 4.97646°N 114.895°E / 4.97646; 114.895
CampusRegional
Colors     Blue, green, red, yellow
Websitewww.ubd.edu.bn

The Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD or University of Brunei Darussalam) is a national research university situated in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei, was founded in 1985 and is the oldest institution in the country. Nine research institutes, six academic service centers, and eight academic faculties make up the institution.[1]

History

[edit]

The institution, which officially opened on 28 October 1985,[2] was an example of the government's efforts to provide higher education to as many members of the populace as possible. With the two faculties that have been established, close to 200 students have enrolled. A combination of foreign and Bruneian lecturers work at the university.[3] The Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education and the university were merged in 1988.[4]

In its inaugural class, the institution took in 176 students when it was created. At UBD, since then, there has been a growth in graduate studies, a rise in the number of graduates, the addition of new academic programs, and an improvement in infrastructure. The university relocated to Tungku Link, a location that was favourable for research and learning, in 1995.[5] The Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies was formed in 1999 by the merger of the Institute of Islamic Studies and the Faculty of Islamic Studies.[4]

The GenNEXT Program, an educational framework created to help students succeed based on their unique learning styles, was launched by UBD in 2009. As part of the GenNEXT Program, UBD launched the Discovery Year program in 2011. Under this program, all students must take a year off from school.[5]

Organisation and administration

[edit]

Undergraduate full-time programs at UBD have particular admission criteria. Candidates need to have completed at least one of the following English proficiency requirements: grades B in IGCSE English (as a Second Language), grades C6 in English language at the GCE 'O' Level Examination, grades 6.0 in IELTS, a minimum overall score of 550 on the TOEFL, or Band B2 on the UBD English Proficiency Test. For these programs, the length of study is eight semesters, or four years of full-time study.[6]

Governance

[edit]

UBD is constituted by the Universiti Brunei Darussalam Act as a body corporate with a continuous succession made up of the Senate, Council, and members of the Chancellor, Pro Chancellor, and Vice Chancellor. This entity is authorised to have a common seal, to use it, and to alter or establish new seals as needed. In compliance with laws and regulations, it has the authority to acquire, accept, and keep property—whether mobile or immovable—by acquisition, exchange, gift, donation, lease, testamentary disposal, or other methods. Furthermore, the university may dispose of any such property by sale, mortgage, lease, exchange, or other means. In addition, it is in charge of carrying out all tasks and responsibilities mandated or granted by laws, rules, and the Act.[7]

The following are the chancellery roles at UBD:[8]

  • Chancellor
  • Pro Chancellor
  • Vice Chancellor
  • Assistant Vice Chancellor (Global Engagement)
  • Assistant Vice Chancellor (Education)
  • Assistant Vice Chancellor (Research, Innovation and Sustainability)
  • Assistant Vice Chancellor (Industry Engagement and Enterprise Development)
  • Assistant Vice Chancellor (University Life and Governance)

Academic faculties

[edit]

UBD encompasses several academic and research faculties. These include the Academy of Brunei Studies (APB), the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), the Faculty of Integrated Technologies (FIT), the Faculty of Science (FOS), the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education (SHBIE), the School of Digital Science (SDS), the Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences (PAPRSB IHS), and the UBD School of Business and Economics (UBDSBE).[9]

Research institutions at UBD include the Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences (CAMES), the Centre for Advance Research (CARe), and the Institute of Asian Studies (IAS), the Institute of Applied Data Analytics (IADA), the Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research (IBER), the Institute for Leadership, Innovation and Advancement (ILIA), the Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies (SOASCIS).[9]

Programmes

[edit]

At UBD, undergraduate studies include the University Bridging Programme (Unibridge) offered by the Centre for Lifelong Learning. Students can pursue a Bachelor of Digital Science at the SDS. The PAPRSB IHS offers various Bachelor of Health Science programs, with majors in Nursing, Midwifery, Pharmacy, Biomedical Science, Dentistry, and Medicine. The FIT provides a Bachelor of Engineering, while the UBDSBE offers a Bachelor of Business. Additionally, the FOS offers a Bachelor of Science.[10]

Graduate-level courses at UBD comprise a range of programs offered by many faculties. Both a Master of Philosophy and a Doctor of Research are available from the SOASCIS. The SHBIE offers a PhD in philosophy in addition to a Master by Research and a Master by Coursework. A Master of Philosophy and a Doctor of Research are available from the SDS. The UBDSBE also offers a Doctor of Philosophy, a Master of Coursework, and a Master by Research.[11]

In the UK, the postgraduate Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP) qualification is a leading global standard of assessment for primary care physicians. It was created to guarantee a high degree of competency in patient care, as demonstrated by scientific knowledge, clinical skills, attitudes, values, and leadership abilities. The Ministry of Health (MoH) and PAPRSB IHS work together to organise the MRCGP International Examinations in Brunei. The Clinical Skills Assessment (CSA), also known as the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), and the Applied Knowledge Test (AKT) are the two sections of the MRCGP test.[12] As in previous years, physicians from the Ministry of Defence (MinDef), the MoH, and private practices from Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia were among the participants in 2007.[13]

Academic profile

[edit]

Rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World[14]385 (2025)
THE World[15]401–500 (2024)
USNWR Global[16]832 (2025)
Regional – Overall
QS Asia[14]17 (2025)
THE Asia[17]125 (2024)
USNWR Asia[16]255 (2025)

In the most recent Times Higher Education (THE) Best Small Universities in the World 2023 ranking, UBD came in at 16th. To be qualified for this category, listed colleges need to have fewer than 5,000 students and offer more than four courses. In the meantime, it ranked second in the area and 68th globally among institutions under 50, according to the THE Young University Rankings 2023. In the THE World University 2023 Rankings, it moved up from the 351–400 place to the 301–350 rank. It also improved in the 2023 THE Asia University Rankings, moving up from 62 to 60.[18]

According to the QS World University Rankings as of 3 January 2024, UBD is placed 387th in the world and the 71st in the QS Asia University Rankings.[19][20] UBD is ranked among the top 401–500 universities worldwide by THE. THE also placed UBD topics in the top 301–400 worldwide in the social sciences, engineering and technology, and education, in the top 401–500 worldwide in business and economics, and in the top 501–600 worldwide in the physical sciences.[21][22] Out of more than 1,200 institutions, UBD came in at 629th place in the QS Sustainability rating, which places it first in the country and 162nd in Asia.[21]

In the 2023–2024 academic year, there are 236 students registered; of them, 28 are studying PhDs, 123 are seeking Master's degrees, 68 are pursuing degrees, and 28 are enrolled in the UniBridge program.[22]

International partnerships

[edit]

UBD is involved in multilateral collaborations in addition to bilateral ones. As a result, over time, a number of regional and global networks, including as ASEAN University Network (AUN), Borneo Studies Network (BSN), Brunei–US English Language Enrichment Project for ASEAN (Brunei–U.S. ELEP), Erasmus Mundus (EM), International Consortium of Universities for the Study of Biodiversity and the Environment (iCUBE), Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO), Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL), and University Mobility in Asia and the Pacific (UMAP), have been created and maintained.[23]

UBD is a partner of several organisations consisting of Go Rush Express,[24] Elsevier,[25] Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK),[26] Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA),[27] City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK),[28] Zhejiang University (ZJU),[29] Federation of Islamic World Universities (FUIW),[30] International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF), Peking University HSBC Business School (PHBS), Nijmegen School of Management (NSM), Silpakorn University Faculty of Management (MSSU), Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB),[31] Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)[32] and Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA).[33]

UBDSBE and a number of other universities have formed worldwide research and teaching partnerships. UBDSBE and Osaka University cooperated in Japan from April to September 2021. The Guilin University of Electronic Technology partnership took conducted in China between 21 to 26 August 2021. Furthermore, from September to December 2021, UBDSBE collaborated with the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Padjadjaran in Indonesia.[33]

Student life

[edit]

The counselling section of the Student Affairs section (HEP) division of UBD offers counselling services. Students who willingly seek help as well as those who are referred to them for a variety of academic and personal reasons can get counselling services from two licensed counsellors.[34]

International students

[edit]

UBD opened its doors to international students from its inception.[35] Over the years, there has been an increase in diversity, with many students coming from East Asia (China and Japan), Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Today, UBD offers a range of programmes to enhance international relations, such as the Brunei-US Enrichment Programme for ASEAN[36] and the Discovery Year programme, which encourages students to go abroad during the third year of their undergraduate programme.[37]

Residential colleges

[edit]

The more contemporary apartment-style dormitory, The Core Residential College (also known as The Core), is located on campus. Five separate study/bedrooms with air conditioning and a communal living room, kitchen, bathroom, and laundry area make up one apartment unit. The only housing option available to international students on the university campus is the Core, whether they are exchange or undergraduate students.[38] The Core is accessible for students with special needs thanks to wheelchair ramps and Braille plates. These students get first choice for accommodations on the lowest floor. The Core has an ATM that serves Baiduri, TAIB, and BIBD users. Apart from that, the Core has two discussion rooms that can hold up to fifty people each and may be rented. The public is welcome to utilise a surau located on the first floor of the Core.[39]

When Deluxe Hostel opened its doors in 1985, it brought the renovated Hostel Residential College Blocks, which featured a contemporary blend of the past, present, and future. The "Deluxe Hostel" has a common room, dining area, kitchen, balcony, surau, and public restrooms. There were a total of three blocks for male students and a total of 6 blocks for female students in the male/female residential college. College residents share a multipurpose hall, exercise room, laundry room, canteen, and prayer room. The M4 residential flat has its own dining table, kitchen, living area, and bathrooms, all completely furnished with contemporary furnishings.[38]

Chancellor's Trophy

[edit]

Since its founding in 2021, the Chancellor's Trophy aims to encourage the expansion of sports, rivalries, and friendships among Brunei's public and private higher education institutions. The Chancellor's Trophy also highlights the leaders of the separate student councils and the university working together.[40] The winner of the Chancellor's Trophy 2022 was UBD, with Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali (UNISSA) coming in second and Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB) in third.[41]

Campus

[edit]

UBD IBM Centre

[edit]
UBD IBM Centre

International Business Machines (IBM) and UBD collaborate on research projects through the UBD IBM Centre (previously known as UBD-IBM Research Institute). On 15 October 2011, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah inaugurated the centre. In accordance with the agreement that the Sultan first made public in September 2010, scientists from IBM and UBD collaborated to create climate models based on local climate data. These models integrated hydrological models into weather models, enabling the prediction of floods and the effects of climate change on rainforests. As a result of this collaboration, Brunei is home to the first IBM Blue Gene supercomputer in Southeast Asia.[42]

UBD Botanical Research Centre

[edit]
UBD Botanical Research Centre

Located on the UBD campus amid an area of undisturbed heath woodland, the Universiti Brunei Darussalam Botanical Research Centre (UBD BRC) was originally established in 2013. On 3 February 2018, the UBD BRC was opened by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, in commemoration of the UBD-organized First International Symposium on "Ethnobotany in the Qur'an and Hadith - An Exploration."[43] This made UBD BRC the nation's first botanical garden.[44] The botanical garden focuses on study, teaching, and protection of the country's flora. It is home to more than five hundred varieties of tropical plants, many of which are indigenous to Borneo and Brunei. Under the direction of UBD's IBER, the UBD BRC conducts research, focuses on research, and is a member of Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).[45]

The UBD BRC is a 6 hectares (15 acres) site that is situated in a tropical lowland heath forest that the locals refer to as Kerangas forest. The Iban term "Kerangas" denotes territory where hill rice is unable to thrive, signifying the deficient nutritional content of the soil in heath forests. Less than 1% of Brunei's forests are Kerangas forests, which are extremely uncommon. Kerangas forests are more susceptible to forest fires due to their drier ecosystems. Additionally, invasive species like Acacia trees can invade damaged Kerangas forests.[43]

High conservation significance native species found in Kerangas woods include Gymnostoma nobile and Agathis borneensis, which are regarded as indicators of pristine Kerangas forests.  More than 500 species of tropical plants, majority of which are indigenous to Brunei and Borneo, are now housed in the live collections at the UBD BRC. The UBD BRC, a research center dedicated to native plant conservation, collaborates closely with regional partners and stakeholders to support Brunei's efforts to realise Wawasan Brunei 2035 and the Sustainable Development Goals 25 (Life on Land) and 23 (Climate Action).[43]

University Mosque

[edit]
University Mosque in 2019

At a total cost of $7,600,000, construction on the University Mosque (Masjid Universiti) or Universiti Brunei Darussalam Mosque (Masjid Universiti Brunei Darussalam) began in 1992 and was finished in 1994. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah formally inaugurated the mosque in 1995. It can accommodate 1800 people.[46] In addition to hosting daily prayers for Muslim students and the community, the mosque is primarily utilized by the institution for religious events.[47][48]

Other facilities

[edit]

There are several retail establishments on campus. A 6-seater vehicle is used for a shuttle service that runs Monday through Saturday from 9 am to 3:30 pm, first come, first served. Routes to Rimba Point and The Mall are covered by this service. The food court provides a range of meals and beverages to both students and the local community through three food stalls and one fast-food restaurant. Fully furnished with multimedia capabilities, the lecture hall can hold up to 208 people and may be rented for a full or half day.[39] Arkitek Idris designed and the UBD Chancellor Hall was finished in 2002.[49]

Notable people

[edit]

Vice Chancellors

[edit]

Notable staff

[edit]

Notable alumni

[edit]

Controversies

[edit]

Censorship

[edit]

Maung Zarni, co-founder of the Free Burma Coalition, was employed as an assistant professor of Asian studies at UBD. However in January 2013, he had to quit due to restrictions on his public comments against the Rohingya massacre in Myanmar.[88][89][90] He attributed the situation to "extreme and unprofessional academic censorship" and stated it is "impossible to maintain his professionalism." He claims to have taken part in a London School of Economics (LSE) panel on human rights and the rule of law in June 2012. Aung San Suu Kyi attended the panel while traveling around Europe. He claims that as a kind of punishment, UBD withheld institutional and financial assistance from him 24 hours prior to his departure to London, forcing him to take personal leave and cover the US$3,000 airfare on his own.[91] The Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN has reported that as a result of this incident, scholars at Bruneian universities are expressly obliged to engage in self-censorship when discussing topics related to Islam and the monarchy.[92]

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Not to be confused with Brown University which styles itself Universitas Brunensis

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM". BINUS International Office. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  2. ^ Mohamad, Lyna (2006-01-15). "Crown Prince at 20th UBD anniversary". sultanate.com. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  3. ^ "National university born" (PDF). Brunei Darussalam. Vol. 2. Information Department, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. November 1985. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  4. ^ a b Commonwealth Universities Yearbook. Association of Commonwealth Universities. 1996. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-85143-178-9.
  5. ^ a b "History". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  6. ^ "UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM" (PDF). HECAS Ministry of Education. 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  7. ^ "CHAPTER 157 UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM" (PDF). Attorney General's Chambers. 1999. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  8. ^ "Chancellory". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  9. ^ a b "Research at Faculties & Institutions". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2022-05-30. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  10. ^ "Undergraduate". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  11. ^ "Graduate". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  12. ^ "MRCGP Int Exams in Brunei 2016". UBD Institute of Health Sciences. 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  13. ^ "2007 MRCGP [INT]". UBD Institute of Health Sciences. 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  14. ^ a b "Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD)". Top Universities. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  15. ^ "Universiti Brunei Darussalam". Times Higher Education (THE). 2024-02-03. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  16. ^ a b "Universiti Brunei Darussalam". www.usnews.com. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  17. ^ "Asia University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  18. ^ "UBD continues to climb rankings ladder". Borneo Bulletin Online. 2023-08-12. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  19. ^ "QS World University Rankings Results 2024". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  20. ^ "QS Asia University Rankings Results 2023". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  21. ^ a b "Universiti Brunei Darussalam among top 400 in QS ranking". The Star. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  22. ^ a b Kon, James (2024-01-03). "UBD among top 400 in QS ranking". Borneo Bulletin Online. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  23. ^ "Global Consortium". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  24. ^ "MoU Signing for Internationalisation of Higher Education". Radio Television Brunei. 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  25. ^ "UBD-Elsevier Partnership: Nurturing Research Excellence and Collaboration". Office of Assistant Vice-Chancellor Research (OAVCR). 2023-11-29. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  26. ^ "UBD, EdUHK Forge New Academic Partnership in Early Childhood, Inclusive and Special Needs Education". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2024-05-17. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  27. ^ "UBD, ERIA Sign Landmark MoU to Foster Digital Innovation and Sustainable Economy". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2024-05-29. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  28. ^ "CityUHK further enhances academic collaboration with UBD". City University of Hong Kong. 2024-07-10. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  29. ^ "Zhejiang University signed MoU with UBD". bn.china-embassy.gov.cn. 2012-07-06. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  30. ^ Y. H., Sim (2022-07-21). "ISESCO, UTB teroka peluang kerjasama". Media Permata Online (in Malay). Archived from the original on 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  31. ^ "UBD School of Business and Economics Achieves Prestigious AACSB Accreditation". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2023-11-20. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  32. ^ "Walk the Path of Success with UBD". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2024-01-29. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  33. ^ a b "UBD SBE". UBD School of Business and Economics. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  34. ^ Baker, David B. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology: Global Perspectives. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-536655-6.
  35. ^ "International Students of Universiti Brunei Darussalam". 21 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Brunei-US enrichment programme for ASEAN".
  37. ^ "Discovery Year programme". Archived from the original on 2015-06-29.
  38. ^ a b "Accommodation". UBDCorp. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  39. ^ a b "Services & Facilities". UBDCorp. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  40. ^ "CHANCELLOR'S TROPHY CLOSING CEREMONY 2022". Universiti Teknologi Brunei. 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  41. ^ "UBD crowned Chancellor's Trophy 2022 champion". Borneo Bulletin Online. 2023-03-20. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  42. ^ Hajar, Siti (2011-10-16). "His Majesty launches UBD-IBM Research Institute". www.sultanate.com. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  43. ^ a b c "About". UBD Botanical Research Centre. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  44. ^ "UBD Botanical Research Centre commemorates 6th Anniversary". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2024-03-05. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  45. ^ "UBD Botanical Research Centre". UBD Botanical Research Centre. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  46. ^ Ministry of Religious Affairs of Brunei Darussalam. "Universiti Brunei Darussalam's Mosque". Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  47. ^ Ihsan Kumpulan Muslimah Masjid Universiti Brunei Darussalam. "Muslimah Masjid UBD dekati PPB". Pelita Brunei (in Malay). Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  48. ^ "Khatam Al-Qur'an Ceremony, Universiti Brunei Darussalam". Radio Television Brunei. 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  49. ^ "UBD Chancellor Hall". Arkitek Idris. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g "UBD People". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  51. ^ "H.E. PEHIN DATO ABDUL RAHMAN TAIB". ASEAN. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  52. ^ Nordin, Ismail and Mail, Asbol (2005). Dato Paduka Seri Setia Professor Dr. Haji Awang Mahmud Saedon bin Awang Othman Dalam Kenangan: Essays in Memory of Vice-Chancellor, UBD, 1999-2002. Bandar Seri Begawan: Universiti Brunei Darussalam. p. 6. ISBN 99917-1-170-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ "WELCOME MESSAGE FROM VICE-CHANCELLOR UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM" (PDF). Brunei Darussalam Journal of Health. 1. 2006 – via UBD Institute of Health Sciences.
  54. ^ Mohamad, Lyna (2009-11-01). "Day to remember for 1,241 graduates". www.sultanate.com. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  55. ^ "Courtesy Call on the Vice Chancellor of UBD". Royal Thai Embassy, Bandar Seri Begawan. 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  56. ^ "UBD and Xiamen University reaffirm academic collaboration via MOU Renewal Signing". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  57. ^ H. A. B., Rasidah (2013-11-09). "Islam, science not in conflict with each other". The Bruneian Times. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  58. ^ "Shaykh Dr. Gibril Fouad Haddad - Biography". SeekersHub.org. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  59. ^ "Dr Gibril Fouad Haddad | Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies". soascis.ubd.edu.bn. Archived from the original on 2017-04-22. Retrieved 2017-04-22.
  60. ^ "Negara Brunei Darussalam: obituary 2007. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  61. ^ Professor Dr Qaiser Mushtaq (2005). "A MANUSCRIPT UNPUBLISHED" (PDF). Pakistan Mathematical Society. p. 5. ISSN 1816-2215.
  62. ^ "Professor Dr OOI Keat Gin". Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  63. ^ "Biodata". Universiti Teknologi Brunei. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
  64. ^ "Rozan Yunos". Institute of Public Policy, Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  65. ^ "Ministry of Finance and Economy - deputy-permanent-secretary-investment". www.mofe.gov.bn. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  66. ^ Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009-12-22). Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Scarecrow Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9.
  67. ^ a b "Keluaran Khas Sempena Pelantikan Menteri-Menteri Kabinet dan Timbalan-Timbalan Menteri" (PDF). Pelita Brunei (in Malay). 12 June 2010. p. 7. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  68. ^ "e27 - Connecting you to Asia's Startup and Tech Ecosystem". e27.co. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  69. ^ "NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PRESENTS CREDENTIALS TO DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF UNOG | UN GENEVA". www.ungeneva.org. 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  70. ^ "TDW 2021 Paper Presenter 2". Ministry of Education. 2021. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  71. ^ Commencement 2009. Massachusetts: Tufts University. 2009-05-17. p. 77.
  72. ^ "Ambassadors in Germany". diplomatisches-magazin.de. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
  73. ^ "国家武术选手 李莹诗获PJK勳章". See Hua Daily News (in Chinese). 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
  74. ^ "NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PRESENTS CREDENTIALS TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA | The United Nations Office at Geneva". www.ungeneva.org. 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  75. ^ "Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports". www.kkbs.gov.bn. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  76. ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE" (PDF). www.seameo.org. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  77. ^ "Timbalan Setiausaha Tetap". Lands Department (in Malay). Retrieved 2024-09-06.
  78. ^ "Know Your Athlete: Anisah Najihah". BruSports News. 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  79. ^ "Princess Sarah gets First Class Honours". Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  80. ^ Chua, Dennis (2015-07-09). "Bruneian singer Fakhrul Razi wants to make it big in Malaysia". New Straits Times. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  81. ^ "YANG MULIA DATO SERI PADUKA AWANG HAJI SUFIAN BIN HAJI SABTU". www.pmo.gov.bn. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  82. ^ "Dato Hamzah Sulaiman" (PDF). Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization.
  83. ^ "New Permanent Representative of Brunei Darussalam Presents Credentials | UN Press". press.un.org. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
  84. ^ "Yang Di-Pertua Majlis Mesyuarat Negara". Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  85. ^ "H.E Datin Paduka Hajah Nor Hashimah Haji Mohammed Taib". aichr.org. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  86. ^ "Cover Story – Brunei's Olympians". YES Inspire | Magazines. 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  87. ^ "YANG MULIA DATO SERI PADUKA AWANG MOHD RIZA BIN DATO PADUKA HAJI MOHD YUNOS". www.pmo.gov.bn. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  88. ^ FORSEA (2024-04-16). "Northern Irish Nobel Laureate Nominates Burmese Activist for 2024 Peace Prize". FORSEA. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  89. ^ Star Digital Report (2024-04-16). "Nobel Peace Prize winner Maguire nominates Burmese activist Zarni for 2024 prize". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  90. ^ Ozturk, Mehmet; Gilani, Iftikhar; Alam, Sorwar; Gurhan Kartal, Ahmet (2020-06-27). "EXCLUSIVE: 'Rohingya issue, not Muslims v/s Buddhist paradigm'". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  91. ^ The Myanmar Times (2013-01-19). "Top professor resigns over university 'censorship'". University World News. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  92. ^ Keeping the Faith: A Study of Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion in ASEAN (PDF). Human Rights Resource Centre, University of Indonesia, Depok Campus. 2014. p. 73. ISBN 978-602-17986-2-1.
[edit]